Knowledge base
Your guide to the technology behind high-performance electric vehicles
Drivetrain
The heart of the electric vehicle. Learn how all components work together to create power and motion.
Read the overview →Battery capacity and voltage
How much charge do you have left? Learn to estimate SOC from voltage with interactive charts and tables for 48 V, 52 V and 72 V systems.
Read more →Torque arms
Safety first. Hub motors develop enormous torque that can damage your frame. Learn why torque arms are critical and how to install them correctly.
Read more →Regenerative braking
Free energy? How does motor braking work, what are the benefits, and how much range does it actually add in practice? We go through the physics.
Read more →Wheel size and system efficiency
How wheel size acts as mechanical gearing in direct-drive systems. Why smaller wheels give higher efficiency and better acceleration — with physics-based analysis and interactive simulations.
Read more →Motor simulator
Version 2Test different motors, batteries, and settings. See how voltage, current, and Kv affect top speed, acceleration, and efficiency in real time.
Try the simulator →